SENSITIVE SKIN
Sensitive skin is referred to as “invisible dermatosis”. About 50-60% of women think that their skin is sensitive or hypersensitive to cosmetic products. Sensitive skin is delicate, rather dry, easily irritated (sometimes even under the influence of water). It is susceptible to allergies, it gives the feeling of tightening and stinging, redness often appears.
The cause may be problems associated with greater permeability of the skin, combined with circulatory disorders. Skin functions are disturbed, making it more sensitive to external stimuli. Sensory neurons are activated and inflammatory mediators are released. In some cases, the cause of hypersensitive skin formation is diagnosed or suspected atopy, but in general the cause is unknown.
Favourable factors include: – environmental influences such as cold, heat, contamination, temperature changes – lifestyle, emotions, stress, alcohol and spicy food – use of various household chemicals – occupational exposure to detergents, solvents, rough objects – age;
Children are more sensitive than adults – gender; women are generally more sensitive than men – hormonal factors; dependence of skin sensitivity on menstrual cycle; skin type and complexion are not predisposing factors to skin sensitivity.
Recommendations: – do not use alkaline soaps and hard water – do not use water-alcoholic tonics and gels – do not use detergents and surfactants
In general – do not use fragrance oils – do not use different plant and biological extracts – avoid as far as possible any complex products – recommended measures: simple emulsions of solid W/O or liquid O/W type with pH 6-6.5; emollients; waters with low ionic content or some thermal waters.
THE SKIN WAS SHAKING.
Skin ageing progresses at different rates in different people. Biological (genetic) ageing, which in principle cannot be stopped, adds up to environmental ageing. It is understood as the sum of harmful factors influencing skin aging.
Such harmful factors include, in particular, UV radiation and smoking, as well as sleep deprivation, poor nutrition, excess alcohol and body contact with harmful substances. These factors can be influenced to delay skin ageing. The most important challenge is to protect against sunlight from an early age.
Most skin damage caused by sunlight occurs before the age of 20 and cannot be repaired. Recommendations: With age, the skin needs more and more intensive care. However, it is a mistake to believe that it is necessary to use skin care products for mature skin at an early age. It is much more important to have as little contact with the skin as possible.
The principle of care is as follows: as much as necessary, as little as possible. Features: – loss of living epidermis, which manifests itself in dripping of the skin – thickening of the horny layer in some areas due to lack of exfoliation – rough appearance due to reduced sebum secretion and change in the composition of the skin matrix responsible for moisturizing the skin – saggy, flabby appearance, loss of elasticity.
Old enough skin is sensitive to the sun, unevenly colored, is less resistant to external factors and very sensitive. It is not particularly susceptible to allergies as there is a decrease in the number of Langerhans cells. However, in the course of a lifetime, the effects of harmful factors can slide together, resulting in the development of an acquired hypersensitivity.
There are various skin imperfections in the elderly skin, which may also appear in younger adults; their frequency increases with age (keratosis disorders, seborrheic warts, star angiomas). As a result of severe skin dryness, painful cracks and chasms appear, especially in winter. The surface covered with a naturally thick horny layer tends to become excessively cornified (heels, elbows, knees), so different abrasive products or abrasions and foot creams are used.
There are two important factors that influence skin ageing: inheritance and exposure to the sun, which accelerates biological degradation processes by releasing free radicals. Recommendations: – counteract skin dryness. The recommendations are the same as for dry or very dry skin – protect your skin from the sun.
Use creams with a high protection factor, as the sun intensifies the appearance of pigmented spots – to remove excess keratinized epidermis use abrasive products.
Similarly to creams with retinol, creams containing vitamins A and E are beneficial – discoloration can be reduced by using creams with kojic acid or products masking pigmented spots – do not use creams with retinic acid, too irritating to very sensitive skin. Creams with alpha-hydroxy acids may be badly tolerated.
Do not use concentrations higher than 5% – superficial wrinkles can be smoothed using products called “lightening”. They increase skin tone and film-forming properties.
Electric skin stimulators are pen-shaped and move along deep wrinkles. The electrical impulses supplied stimulate fibroblasts to synthesize supportive proteins. Skin ageing should be prevented at an early stage. Once a wrinkle is formed, it is difficult to remove it. At an advanced stage, no product is effective. Only aesthetic surgery can be helpful.